Porcelain | High Alumina | Steatite | Cordierite | Mullite | Macor | Zirconia | Ceramic Coating | Silicon Carbide | Titanium Dioxide | ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina)

CORDIARITE

GROUP Gc. cordierite
Product code Gc-mull Gc-cord Gc-Al-cord
FEATURE OF COMPOSITION Mullet Cordarite Cordarite & Alumina
APPLICATION RANGE Good resistance to thermal shock, good refractoriness suited for heating elements. Good resistance to thermal shocks especially suited for thermal and thermo electrical applications. Good mechanical strength, high refractoriness, excellent resistance to thermal shocks, especially suited for thermal and thermo electrical applications.
PROPERTIES
COLOUR Tan Tan Tan
POROSITY (Vol. %) 37 20 30
BULK DENSITY (g/cm2) 1.90 1.90 2.10
HARDNESS (Mohs Scale) 6 to 6.5 6 to 6.5 6 to 6.5
  FLEXURAL
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
  Unglazed 30 30 35
  Glazed
THERMAL
EXPANSION
LINER
COEFFICENT
(10-6 K-1)
a20 – 10000c 6.70 3.40 2.65
a20 – 3000c 6.00 2.65 1.60
a20 – 6000c 6.60 3.10 2.50
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCEMIN. (K) 350 300 350
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (20-100C) 2.0 2.0
   VOLUME
RESISTIVITY
IN TERMS OF
TEMPERATUR
E (D.C.)cm
200C 1010
2000C 109 106
6000C 105

Mullite is an excellent material due to its high temperature stability, strength and creep resistance. It is similar to Cordierite, although it is not as good an insulator and has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion. It is commonly used in heater exchange parts and electrical insulators.

General
Property ASTM Method Units Mullite
Color Gray – Tan
Water Absorption C 20-97 % 0
Mechanical
Property ASTM Method Units Mullite
Density C 20-97 g/cc 3.00
Hardness Vickers 500 gm GPa (kg/mm 10 (1000)
Flexural Strength (MOR) (3 point) @ RTº F417-87 MPa (psi x 103) 206 (30)
Compressive Strength @ RTº MPa (psi x 103) 1034 (150)
Thermal
Property ASTM Method Units Mullite
C.T.E., 25 – 100°C C 372-96 x10-6/°C 3.6
C.T.E., 25 – 600°C C 372-96 x10-6/°C 4.8
Thermal Conductivity @ RTº C 408 W/m-K 4
Max Use Temperature (Non-Loading)

(at high strength)

Celsius (°C) 1700
GROUP
FEATURE OF COMPOSITION Zr02  – 95% ZrSi04  – 50%
APPLICATION RANGE High mechanical strength, exceptional wear resistance, good resistance to thermal shock. Good refractoriness and good thermal shock, resistance, suited for L.V. circuit breaker.
PROPERTIES
COLOUR Creamish Tan
POROSITY (Vol. %) 0 30
BULK DENSITY (g/cm2) 5.40 2.58
HARDNESS (Mohs Scale) 8
  FLEXURAL
STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
  Unglazed 220 35
  Glazed
THERMAL
EXPANSION
LINER
COEFFICENT
(10-6 K-1)
a20 – 1000c 8.70 3.40
a20 – 3000c 9.50 3.10
a20 – 6000c 10.50 3.70
a20 – 8000c 11.00 4.00
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCEMIN. (K) 80 350
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (20-100C)
   VOLUME
RESISTIVITY
IN TERMS OF
TEMPERATUR
E (D.C.)cm
200C 1014
2000C
6000C

TITANIUM DIOXIDE - TITANIA ( TIO2)

Property Units (S.I.) Minimum Value (S.I.) Maximum Value (S.I.)
Atomic Volume (average) m3/kmol 0.0057 0.007
Density Mg/m3 3.97 4.05
Bulk Modulus GPa 209.1 218.1
Compressive Strength MPa 660 3675
Hardness MPa 9330 10290
Modulus of Rupture MPa 140 441.2
Tensile Strength MPa 333.3 367.5
Maximum Service Temperature K 1840 1910
Melting Point K 2103 2123
Thermal Conductivity W/m.K 4.8 11.8
Thermal Expansion 10-6/K 8.4 11.8
Dielectric Constant 10 85

Consider CSZ a top candidate when choosing a material for high strength and toughness in moist, challenging environments. With high flexural strength and very high compressive strength this material is ideally suited as a structural component in sensors, instrumentation, probes, pumps and fluid control systems.

Prime Features
CSZ offers a more robust Stabilized Zirconia material when low temperature degradation properties are in question, displaying a reduced vulnerability of molecular water attack compared to YTZP or MSZ, The ability of this material to withstand high temperature, wet operating conditions elevates its performance above other ceramic materials.

Typical Applications
Instrumentation Sensors
Seals Bearings
Desalination plant components Steam system instrumentation
Boiler probes Underwater sensors
Pump pistons Medical instrumentation
Pump liners Valve seats
Emission sensors Marine system components
Chemical pumps Fluid metering pumps
Fluid control valves Chemical analysis fluid control systems

ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina)

The main advantage of Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) is the additional strength and toughness over alumina with a lower cost than zirconia (YTZP, MSZ, CSZ).

The combination of aluminum oxide and 10-20% zirconium oxide provides a much higher strength, toughness, hardness and wear resistance than alumina alone.

The 20-30% increase in strength often provides the design criteria needed at a much lower cost than using zirconia.

A process called transformation toughening is the phenomenon that increases the fracture toughness of ZTA. When placed under stress, the zirconia particles change their crystal structure from a tetragonal to a monoclinic structure, causing a volume expansion that compresses the surrounding crack in the alumina matrix.

ZTA should be considered for any application where structural strength is needed that exceeds the standard alumina properties.

Prime Features
Higher strength than alumina Lower cost than zirconia
High corrosion resistance High erosion resistance
High fracture toughness Capable of a very fine surface finish
Typical Applications
Standoffs Pump piston sleeves
Insulators Instrument
Probe bodies Sensor bulbs
Pump components Valve seals
Bushings Impellers
Fluid delivery system components Analytical instrument columns
Application Limitations
ZTA does provide a higher strength than alumina but the temperature limitation of 1500 C (2732 F) must be observed. Above this temperature the strength contribution of the zirconia is reduced. Use in moist environments at temperatures above 250C also must be carefully considered as the zirconia is subject to low temperature degradation.